C. imicola (Kieffer 1913)

Taxonomy	Biology	Distribution

Culicoides imicola Kieffer 1913: 11. Kenya
(Kieffer 1913: 11. ♂, desc.)
(Kremer 1972: 648. Redescription, ♀, figs)
(Mellor et al 1985: 589. Record, Spain, Portugal)
(Boorman 1986: 21. Record, Rhodes)
    = pallidipennis Carter, Ingram & Macfie
Culicoides pallidipennis Carter et al 1920: 265. Ghana
(Macfie 1943: 156. Notes, Egypt)
(Nagaty & Morsy 1959: 71. Record, Egypt)
(Khalaf 1961: 450. Notes fig, Iraq)
(Navai & Mesghali 1968: 244. Record, Iran)
    = iraqensis Khalaf
Culicoides iraqensis Khalaf 1957: 343. Iraq
(Khalaf 1957: 343. ♂, desc, fig)
(Kremer 1966: 104. ♂, notes, fig)

Diagnosis and Notes

The wings are pale with darker markings as in the figure. A diagnostic feature is the “pre-apical excision” on vein M2. Vein M2 is dark below for the whole of its length, but above only the distal one -third is dark, then pale above for one third, then dark above for the remainder towards the junction with vein M1. SD 3, 12-15, occasionally also on 11; AR 1.08-1.19. The third segment of the palp has a single small sensory pit; there are two spermathecae. Aedeagus with a well-developed median peg-like structure, the ninth sternite membrane with a variable number of spicules.  An introduction to the species in Africa is given by Boorman & Dipeolu (1979) and by Meiswinkel (1989). The figures are from Meiswinkel (1989) (wing) and from Boorman & Dipeolu (1979) (genitalia).