C. newsteadi (Austen 1921)
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| Taxonomy | Biology | Distribution |
Culicoides newsteadi Austen 1921: 113. TL Israel
(Austen 1921: 113. ♀, desc)
(Macfie 1943: 156. Notes, as pulicaris, Egypt)
(Boorman 1974: 10. Notes, synonymy)
Braverman et al. 1976: 182. Notes)
(Szadziewski 1984: 165. Notes)
(Delecolle 1985: 27. ♂, ♀, notes, figs)
= biclavatus Kieffer
Culicoides biclavatus Kieffer 1924: 14. TL Germany
= halophilus Kieffer
Culicoides halophilus Kieffer 1924: 404. TL Norway
(Kieffer 1924: 404. ♀, desc)
Edwards 1939: 47, 144, synonymy, notes, figs)
(Kettle & Lawson 1952: 446. Early stages, key)
(Campbell & Pelham-Clinton 1960: 278. ♂, ♀, notes, keys, figs)
(Gutsevich 1960: 71. ♂, ♀, notes, figs)
(Coluzzi & Kremer 1964: 67. Notes, record, Italy)
(Kremer 1966: 201. ♂, ♀, notes, fig)
(Boorman 1986: 257. Notes)
(Glukhova 1989: 167. Notes, figs)
= edwardsi Goetghebuer
Culicoides pulicaris var. edwardsi Goetghebuer 1933: 46. TL Europe
= edwarsianus Goetghebuer
Culicoides pulicaris var. edwardsianus Goetghebuer 1933: 367. TL Great Britain
Diagnosis and Notes
Edwards (1939) suggested that halophilus and newsteadi might be northern and southern forms of the same species. Bailly-Choumara et al. (1970) considered them synonymous. Remm (1988) gives halophilus as a junior synonym of newsteadi; as Boorman (1974) pointed out, the two appear identical in all morphological characters except that in newsteadi the wing markings are more distinct. In general, specimens from northern Europe (halophilus) are darker, with more extensive and more diffuse markings than those from southern Europe and the Middle East. It is possible that more than one species is represented here, however; Edwards (1939) clearly shows the wing having pale spots at the tips of veins M1, M2 and CU1, whilst Glukhova's figure shows the veins dark to the wing margin. Specimens from the south of Spain captured by Dr M. Ortega are of both forms. The species (or both species) differs from pulicaris and punctatus in having two dark spots in the middle of cell m1; the basal of these two spots usually (but not always) joining veins M1 and M2. The female antennal AR is 0.98-1.07; the SD 3,11-15. The figures are from Edwards (1939).
