C. pulicaris (Linneaus 1758)

Taxonomy	Biology	Distribution

Culex pulicaris Linnaeus 1758: 603. TL Europe
(Kieffer 1919: 41. ♂, ♀, note, fig)
(Goetghebuer 1920: 54. Note, figs)
(Edwards 1926: 406. Notes)
(Jobling 1928: 211. Morphology)
(Edwards 1939: 46, 144. Notes, figs)
(Downes & Kettle 1952: 69. Notes, figs, key)
(Kettle & Lawson 1952: 445. Early stages, key)
(Campbell & Pelham-Clinton 1960: 275. ♂, ♀, notes, keys, figs)
(Gutsevich 1960: 69. ♂, ♀, notes, figs)
(Khalaf 1961: 453. Notes, Iraq)
(Smatov 1966: 83. Notes, record Kazakhstan)
(Kremer 1966: 195. ♂, ♀, notes, figs)
(Navai & Mesghali 1968: 244. Record, Iran)
(Remm 1973: 174.  ♀, record, Mongolia)
(Havelka 1976: 223. Notes)
(Glukhova 1979: 192. Larva)
(Delecolle 1985: 16. ♂, ♀, notes, figs)
(Boorman 1986: 257. Notes)
(Glukhova 1989: 160. ♂, ♀, notes, figs)
    = setosinervis Kieffer
Culicoides setosinervis Kieffer 1913: 8. TL Germany
    = pullatus Kieffer
Culicoides pullatus Kieffer 1915: 474. TL Germany
    = stephensi Carter
Culicoides stephensi Carter 1916: 135. TL Egypt
    = cinerellus Kieffer
Culicoides cinerellus Kieffer 1919: 40. TL Ukraine
    = quinquepunctatus Goetghebuer
Culicoides quinquepunctatus Goetghebuer 1921: 177. TL Belgium
    = flaviplumus Kieffer
Culicoides flaviplumus Kieffer 1924: 19. TL Germany
    = sawamotoi Kono & Takahashi
Culicoides sawamotoi Kono & Takahashi 1940: 75. TL Russia

Diagnosis and Notes

This species may be separated from C. punctatus by the dark tips to wing veins M1, M2 and CU1, but a clear distinction between the two is often difficult (Lane 1981). See also the notes under C. punctatus. The female AR is 0.98-1.09; the SD 3,11-15. The male genitalia are virtually inseparable from those of C. punctatus. The figures are from Edwards (1939).