C. simulator (Edwards 1939)

Taxonomy	Biology	Distribution

Culicoides simulator Edwards 1939: 40, 136. TL Great Britain
(Kettle & Lawson 1952: 442. Early stages, key)
(Campbell & Pelham-Clinton 1960: 243. ♂, ♀, notes, keys, figs)
(Gutsevich 1960: 86. ♂, ♀, notes, figs)
(Smatov 1966: 85. Notes, record Kazakhstan)
(Kremer 1966: 161. ♂, ♀, notes, figs)
(Orszagh 1970: 33. Record, note, figs, Czechoslovakia)
(Kremer, Callot & Hommel 1973: 61. Notes, figs, key)
(Glukhova 1979: 204. Larva)
(Boorman 1986: 262. Notes)
(Glukhova 1989: 256. ♂, ♀, notes, figs)

Diagnosis and Notes

The wings are greyish with prominent pale spots; the second radial cell is dark with a pale spot just distal to it. There are prominent pale spots in cells r5, m1, m2 and cu, each cut by the wing margin, but there is no pale spot at the base of cell m1 as in related species. AR 1.12-1.4; SD 3-15. It bears a very close resemblance to C. alazanicus, but in that species the AR is always much greater (1.55-1.70).
The figures are from Edwards (1939).